{"id":1661,"date":"2019-07-09T14:23:02","date_gmt":"2019-07-09T18:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/planifier-controler-et-evaluer-sa-demarche\/"},"modified":"2022-07-13T10:09:44","modified_gmt":"2022-07-13T14:09:44","slug":"planning-monitoring-evaluating-reading-process","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/when-reading\/planning-monitoring-evaluating-reading-process\/","title":{"rendered":"Planning, monitoring and evaluating your reading process"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-1661\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-1661-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-1661-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-1661-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-1661-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-tabs panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div class=\"owl-carousel panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-1661-0-0-0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-tabs so-widget-sow-tabs-default-fdbad00e3c16-1661\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"sow-tabs\">\n\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-tab-container\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-tab\n\t\t\t sow-tabs-tab-selected\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"hypotheses\"\n\t\t\taria-selected=\"true\"\n\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-title sow-tabs-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHypotheses\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-tab\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"self-questioning\"\n\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-title sow-tabs-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSelf-questioning\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-tab\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"reading-intention\"\n\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-title sow-tabs-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tReading intention\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-tab\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"evaluating-your-comprehension\"\n\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-title sow-tabs-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEvaluating your comprehension\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-tab\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\n\t\t\trole=\"tab\"\n\t\t\tdata-anchor-id=\"managing-my-understanding\"\n\t\t\taria-selected=\"false\"\n\t\t\ttabindex=\"0\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-title sow-tabs-title-icon-left\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tManaging my understanding\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel-container\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"false\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-w029e69f6\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-w029e69f6-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-w029e69f6-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-w029e69f6-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Checking your assumptions or predictions<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>In their daily lives, human beings make assumptions or predictions. For example, you anticipate the emotions of the people you meet based on your observations; you anticipate the interest in reading a book based on its cover; the presence of valet parking in front of a restaurant leads you to conclude that the cost of eating in that restaurant is probably prohibitive, etc.<\/p>\n<p>When you make predictions or assumptions before you start reading, you are trying to guess what is coming up in your reading. If you are reading about the impact of climate change on human health, you are already thinking about some of the possible health problems caused by global warming. For example, airborne pollens, which affect air quality, cause allergic reactions in some people. So you should check the accuracy of your predictions later on while reading. When the prediction proves to be correct, it will allow you to learn something that will become more firmly anchored in your memory. When it is not, it still allows you to learn something, to anticipate differently when a similar situation arises with other texts.<\/p>\n<p>Evaluating predictions and generating new ones are necessary actions to construct meaning from what you read. Clues about the information in a text and your knowledge enable you to predict what will happen next. You continue reading to validate, reject, modify or even generate new hypotheses based on the new clues you encounter in the text you are reading. Hypotheses allow you, as a reader, to motivate yourself to continue reading and to help you understand what happens next.<\/p>\n<p>Bear in mind that it is important not only to look for information that confirms your assumption, but also to consider information that does not confirm it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Advantages<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Checking your assumptions as you read allows you to either adjust your reading intention if you find information that doesn't match it, or simply switch to another text if it doesn't match what you are looking for. It helps you to keep your focus on the content of the text and to stay more active while you read.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_element-titre\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-element-titre so-widget-element-titre-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"gauche\"><h3>To get started<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_questions\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_questions so-widget-bloc_questions-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_questions\"><div class=\"bloc_questions_container\"><h3>Questions to ask yourself :<\/h3><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\">(adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de Giasson, 1990, p. 141)\u00a0:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Is my prediction right? Is it confirmed in the text?<\/li>\n \t<li>Can my prediction or hypothesis be contradicted when reading the text?<\/li>\n \t<li>Does the information in the text contradict my prediction?<\/li>\n \t<li>If my prediction is not correct, do I have enough evidence to reject it?<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>If your hypothesis or prediction has not been disproved from the reading a text you have completed, this does not necessarily mean that it is confirmed. It may be disproved later in the text or when reading another text, because you had not taken all the elements of the subject into consideration, for example.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w029e69f6-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Exercice\u00a0:<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>When you make assumptions about the content of the text before you start reading, have the reflex to validate or invalidate them as you read.<\/p>\n<p>With a classmate, you can practise making predictions out loud and then check them as you read the text. The more incorrect your predictions or assumptions are, the better it will be to demonstrate that you need to systematically revise the accuracy of your predictions as you read.<\/p>\n<p>Example\u202f:<\/p>\n<p>From the following text entitled Innovative atlas puts <em>Indigenous knowledge on the map \u2014 literally \u2014 to help tackle climate crisis<\/em>, what are your predictions? What will the text be about from the title? What are we going to learn ? Write ideas on a piece of paper.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/science\/climate-change-climate-atlas-indigenous-knowledge-1.6384612\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/science\/climate-change-climate-atlas-indigenous-knowledge-1.6384612<\/a>(Published\u202f: March 15, 2022)<\/p>\n<p>To go into more detail, point out the elements that contradict or confirm the initial predictions and explain why these are rejected or confirmed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-wf83ccb3f\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-wf83ccb3f-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-wf83ccb3f-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-wf83ccb3f-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-wf83ccb3f-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Self-questioning<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>As you read, self-questioning consists of looking for answers to questions you asked yourself before you started reading (Schmitt, 2005). These questions are developed from the title and subtitles of a text that you will have changed into a question, for example.<\/p>\n<p>Questions will direct your attention to the parts of the text that are more relevant to you and help you find the important information (Zwiers, 2008). The challenge then is to formulate a good question that will help you make connections between the ideas in a text and your prior knowledge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wf83ccb3f-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Advantages<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p class=\"p1\">The formulation of questions helps to define a reading intention and the answers contribute to constructing the meaning of the text. Self-questioning helps to process information as it arises, improves retention of information, facilitates recall at the appropriate time and develops synthetic thinking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wf83ccb3f-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">To get started<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>When you tackle sections of a text, chapters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Change the title into a question;<\/li>\n<li>Look at the possible questions at the beginning or end of the chapter;<\/li>\n<li>Try to answer the questions Who? What? Where? When? How? Why? Make these questions specific to your topic, for example: Who invented this method? What are the advantages or disadvantages of...? How can this idea be applied in practice? And when?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wf83ccb3f-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Exercise\u00a0:<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>Using a text you have chosen, turn a title into a question.<br \/>\nWhile reading, the idea is to find questions that summarise the information read. In other words, you read the answer and find the question.<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Cautionary note:<\/i><\/b><br \/>\nThe success of these strategies or actions depends on your seriousness and perseverance. You can partner with colleagues who want to study and revise the material seriously.<br \/>\nThe use of self-questioning depends on your ability to formulate questions that are relevant and cover the material. You should use contents that you feel comfortable with.<br \/>\nThis method may not be applicable to all subjects, so it is up to you to judge its relevance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wf83ccb3f-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_source panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_source so-widget-bloc_source-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_source\"><div class=\"bloc_source_container\"><p class=\"source_titre\"><strong>Example :  :<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\"><p>From Moreillon, J. (2007). Chapter 5. Reading Comprehension Strategy three: Questioning. In <i>Collaborative strategies for teaching reading comprehension: maximizing your impact<\/i>. American Library Association.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ask:<i>What does the title of the chapter mean? What do I already know about the subject?<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Question your purpose for reading the chapter. <i>Why am I reading this? What do I want to get out of it?<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Look at questions the author may have at the beginning or end of the chapter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Refer to this technique each time skimming a text is necessary.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-w8a5474d9\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-w8a5474d9-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-w8a5474d9-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-w8a5474d9-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Keep in mind your reading intention<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p class=\"p1\">In the preparation stage of your reading process, you saw that a reading intention (hyperlink) guides your approach according to the nature and scope of the task to be carried out: making a summary, preparing an oral presentation, familiarising yourself with the content of a text to attend a course, etc. Depending on your intention, certain types of reading are to be preferred: traditional, indicative or selective, diagonal, active and analytical reading (Bertrand and Azrour, 2004). Thus, depending on the objective you need to achieve, you will have to determine your way of reading.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Advantages<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>By choosing a way of reading that is appropriate to the reading intention, you will be able to achieve the goal you have set for yourself in an efficient way.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_element-titre\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-element-titre so-widget-element-titre-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"gauche\"><h3>To get started<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_questions\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_questions so-widget-bloc_questions-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_questions\"><div class=\"bloc_questions_container\"><h3>Questions to ask yourself :<\/h3><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\"><ul>\n \t<li>What was my reading intention at the beginning?<\/li>\n \t<li>What are my expectations as a reader of the text I am reading?<\/li>\n \t<li>How will I achieve my objective?<\/li>\n \t<li>What is the most appropriate way to read my text (selective, analytical, diagonal, etc.)?<\/li>\n \t<li>Do I need to read a few passages or the whole text?<\/li>\n \t<li>Do I need to do several readings of the texts?<\/li>\n \t<li>What should I note down as I read?<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Exercise :<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>In a written assignment where you have to use one or more texts, choose one to do this exercise. This text could be a section of a chapter or an article.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on your intention for the text, read it diagonally to see if it matches your reading intention. You can also use selective reading to do this.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Process for an indicative (or selective) reading :<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><ul>\n \t<li>Identify the cover page, title, author's name and status;<\/li>\n \t<li \">Identify the year of publication and the name of the publishing house;<\/li>\n \t<li \">Read the table of contents, to understand the nature of the content and its components;<\/li>\n \t<li>Consult the index and glossary (if applicable) to identify the themes;<\/li>\n \t<li>Do a quick read of the introduction and conclusion;<\/li>\n \t<li>Do a full (attentive and critical) reading of the commentary at the back of the book.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\nAfter a selective reading of the book or text, ask yourself if you have found the answer(s) to the questions you formulated before reading (Tremblay and Perrier, 2000, p. 46).<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-6\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Process for diagonal reading : <\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><ul>\n<li>Identify the constituent elements (introduction, development, conclusion and the parts and sub-parts of the development);<\/li>\n<li>Identify the structure of the text (informative, argumentative, narrative);<\/li>\n<li>Look for key words;<\/li>\n<li>Pay attention to the beginning, middle and end of a paragraph (often contain the essential elements);<\/li>\n<li>Pay attention to words in italics, bold, underlined sentences, tables, figures and statistics;<\/li>\n<li>Look for linking words (connectors, relation markers). They link ideas, announce arguments, conclusions, etc;<\/li>\n<li>Do not do continuous reading.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-7\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"7\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Process of active reading : <\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>Once you have selected your texts, use active reading to go deeper into their content.<br \/>\n<em>Caution:<\/em> underlining a little or too much is not active reading.<\/p>\n<p>The proposed technique is to use a lead pencil (to be able to erase if necessary) to identify the important elements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Box the key words (they occur frequently in the text)<\/li>\n<li>Circle the linking words;<\/li>\n<li>Underline the main ideas and restate them in your own words in the margin;<\/li>\n<li>Use brackets for main passages (definitions, arguments, explanations, examples, statistics, figures, etc.);<\/li>\n<li>Put abbreviations, comments or annotations in the margin;<\/li>\n<li>Use arrows, symbols, colours to link ideas;<\/li>\n<li>Identify and number the parts if necessary.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-w8a5474d9-0-0-8\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil panel-last-child\" data-index=\"8\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Process for analytical reading : <\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>This type of reading consists in breaking down a text in order to better analyse it (Ruph, 2010). In order to fully understand a text, it is important to analyse each of its parts (each sentence and each paragraph plays a role in a text).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Identify the articulations (titles and subtitles)<\/li>\n<li>Examine the relationships between paragraphs<\/li>\n<li>In each paragraph, identify structural markers (firstly, secondly, etc.) and relationship or transition markers (however, nevertheless, furthermore, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The markers will give you a good idea of how the ideas are related to each other (the facts, arguments, nuances made by the author). By analysing the text using these markers, you can ensure accurate understanding. By annotating the margins using techniques that will help to identify the structure of the text (e.g. numbering, short statement summarising the idea of the paragraph, arrows), you will be able to better perceive the structure of the text and see how the ideas progress.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-wd9d7b6e1\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-wd9d7b6e1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-wd9d7b6e1-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-wd9d7b6e1-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-wd9d7b6e1-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Evaluating your comprehension<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>In our daily activities, we tend to monitor how we perform. For example, when we are doing an activity, such as running or playing a team sport, we often look for ways to improve. When we prepare a meal, we taste while we cook to make sure it tastes good. When we read, we should have the same kind of reflex to improve our efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>Reading competence therefore includes the ability to evaluate your own understanding of what you read as accurately as possible. This evaluation allows you to become aware of what you understand and to use it to guide you (Zwiers, 2008). Thus, evaluating your comprehension will allow you to identify the cause of your comprehension and to modify your strategies to restore your comprehension.<\/p>\n<p>Competent readers use a number of operations when they read a text: they will predict and elaborate, they will use means to restore a lack of understanding, they will question themselves to check their understanding, and they will pause to recall important information they have just read (Lachapelle, 1999). That said, competent readers do not focus on the details of a text, but rather on the overall message that the author is trying to convey (Zwiers, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>The evaluation of reading comprehension consists, on the one hand, of being aware of your lack of comprehension, i.e. of the moment when the construction of meaning is interrupted. Reading strategies to remedy this can then be mobilised. On the other hand, comprehension evaluation includes the ability to be aware that sometimes, as a reader, you make false representations of what you read (Lachapelle, 1999). This awareness allows you to see the importance of approaching a difficult text or excerpt with strategies that will help you understand it better (e.g. rereading, adjusting reading speed, explaining an excerpt of a text to someone else, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wd9d7b6e1-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Advantages<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Helps you get the most out of your reading and understand your texts.<br \/>\nKeeps you focused on your reading intention, maintains your attention and motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wd9d7b6e1-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">To get started<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p class=\"p1\">Evaluating your understanding involves pausing and recalling the key points. It is recommended that you take breaks every twenty minutes (or less, depending on your needs) and ask yourself how you would summarise or explain the main points of the text to someone else (Barbeau et al., 1997).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Rephrasing the main ideas of a text in writing is an excellent way of evaluating your level of understanding (see section on summarising or paraphrasing).<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\">There are signs that will tell you that you have lost track of what you are reading (Zwiers, 2008):<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I can no longer form images in my head;<\/li>\n<li>I can't find answers to my questions;<\/li>\n<li>I have to reread a passage;<\/li>\n<li>I find it difficult to detach myself from the author's words to try to explain;<\/li>\n<li>My mind wanders, I think of something else despite my attempts to refocus on the task;<\/li>\n<li>What I read seems to contradict the previous ideas;<\/li>\n<li>I can't summarise or remember what I've just read;<\/li>\n<li>I can't predict what will happen next;<\/li>\n<li>I have difficulty making connections between ideas;<\/li>\n<li>Everything in the text seems important, or on the contrary, nothing seems relevant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-wd9d7b6e1-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_questions panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_questions so-widget-bloc_questions-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_questions\"><div class=\"bloc_questions_container\"><h3>Questions to ask yourself :<\/h3><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\"><p>To help you evaluate your comprehension:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is my level of understanding of the text or section concerned (clear, incomplete, not at all)?<\/li>\n<li>Can I rephrase ideas and explain them to someone else?<\/li>\n<li>Do I retain information from the text?<\/li>\n<li>What happens in my mind when I don't understand (quitting, negative thoughts, frustration, discouragement)?<\/li>\n<li>What is the cause of this lack of understanding (e.g. very specialised vocabulary, scientific text, new subject, ambiguous text).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"sow-tabs-panel\">\n\t\t\t<div\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"sow-tabs-panel-content\"\n\t\t\t\trole=\"tabpanel\"\n\t\t\t\taria-hidden=\"true\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"pl-waf20cae5\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-waf20cae5-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"boxed panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-waf20cae5-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-waf20cae5-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Managing my understanding<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Not understanding a text at first attempt (e.g. a scientific paper, a text dealing with a new subject) is quite normal, as ideas are often complex and it is important to invest the time and energy required to understand the content. In these circumstances, experienced readers know that it is sometimes necessary to repeat a reading in order to pin down the author's ideas (Dionne, 2008). Readers may also go back and forth in the text to make connections between ideas, use the context to acquire new vocabulary, etc. Like the writing process, a first reading consists of a first draft, while further readings consist of a revision of the text. Rereading the text makes it possible to note the parts that were not well understood and to re-process certain parts in order to better grasp their meaning.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Adjust the pace<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nSometimes it is necessary to <em><strong>adjust your reading pace<\/strong><\/em> when the content becomes difficult or easier, or depending on the type of text (novel, newspaper, case analysis, scientific text, etc.). Effective readers vary their reading pace according to the nature and level of difficulty of the text and also according to the set objectives. Indeed, some sections of the text can be skimmed quickly while others deserve more attention. Be careful, as in general, reading too slow \u00abencourages more scope for pauses, boredom and loss of concentration, which inhibits comprehension and slows understanding\u00bb (Buzan, 2006). On the other hand, reading faster can be relevant if it does not prevent you from fully understanding the text or when it does not prevent you from thinking (mindtools.com).<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Guessing unknown words and remembering their meaning<\/em><\/strong><br \/>\nWhen you see a new word, <strong><em>using the context of the sentence (or text)<\/em> <\/strong>to predict and construct meaning can also be effective. In order to understand a word and use it well in subsequent writing situations, it is often necessary to define the new concept(s), otherwise there is a danger of misunderstanding (Tremblay and Perrier, 2000). It is normal to have to learn vocabulary related to the discipline in which you are studying (Tremblay and Perrier, 2000). Learning this vocabulary will improve your understanding of texts, in particular by creating a personal lexicon and by using the dictionary and sometimes specialised dictionaries (e.g. Dictionary of Education).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">Advantages<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Helps to make sense of what seems ambiguous at first sight.<br \/>\nHelps to avoid misunderstandings and misinterpretations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><h3 class=\"widget-title\">To get started<\/h3>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>When you find it difficult to understand a text or an extract from it, reading the extract <em><strong>aloud<\/strong> <\/em>until the ideas become clearer can be a useful thing to do. If it is <em><strong>a complex sentence<\/strong><\/em>, take time to work out the ideas in it. This can be achieved by rereading the challenging extract, perhaps several times and at different times.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-3\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>Example from a text by Jim Cummins<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Bowen states that:<br \/>\nWhat really confirms for me the thesis that the choice of language to be used as medium of instruction is not the determining factor of pedagogical success is the availability of counterevidence, experiments where students studying in a second language matched or excelled over those studying in their mother tongue. This would not be expected to happen if Macnamara's 'balance effect' operates. (1977, p. 110-111)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Analyse the different parts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The thesis: the choice of language to be used as a medium of instruction is not the determining factor of pedagogical success<\/li>\n<li>What confirms this thesis = availability of counterevidence<\/li>\n<li>Counterevidence: Students studying in a second language matched or excelled over those studying in their mother tongue.<\/li>\n<li>Balance effect: it can be concluded that according to the \u00abbalance effect\u00bb, students who study in a second language would have lower results.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-4\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"4\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>To improve your reading pace<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>(adapted from Buzan, 2006):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use selectively the habits that slow down your reading: for example, use your inner voice only to emphasize important words to help you memorize;<\/li>\n<li>Try to decipher as many words as possible in one shot by breaking sentences into logical groups rather than focusing on each individual word.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For more information on how to improve your reading speed: \u2028Buzan, T. (2006). <em>Speed Reading. Accelerate your Speed and Understanding for Success.<\/em> BBC Active.<\/p>\n<p>If you have difficulty understanding <em><strong>the meaning of a word<\/strong><\/em>, read on before rereading, as you may find elements necessary to understand it along the way:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Continue reading the paragraph and try to anticipate what comes next;<\/li>\n<li>The beginning and end of paragraphs or chapters often contain important information;<\/li>\n<li>For a difficult text, read it once. Afterwards, rereading it more thoroughly makes it easier to make connections as it gives you the big picture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-5\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_element-titre\" data-index=\"5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-element-titre so-widget-element-titre-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"gauche\"><h4>To find the meaning of a word<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-6\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>(Zwiers, 2008)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-7\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_questions\" data-index=\"7\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_questions so-widget-bloc_questions-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_questions\"><div class=\"bloc_questions_container\"><h3>Questions to ask yourself :<\/h3><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\"><ul>\n \t<li>What is the context of the word or sentence?<\/li>\n \t<li>What clues can help me understand the meaning of the word or sentence?<\/li>\n \t<li>What can the word or sentence mean in this context?<\/li>\n \t<li>Can I recognise parts of the word (prefix, suffix) and give them a meaning I know? What other words have similar parts?<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-8\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_conseil\" data-index=\"8\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_conseil so-widget-bloc_conseil-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_conseil\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_container\"><div class=\"bloc_conseil_titre\"><h4>Creating a personal lexicon to learn new vocabulary<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"bloc_conseil_texte\"><p>Do you have a personal lexicon to help you learn concepts related to your field of study? Creating a personal lexicon (in a small spiral notebook) can be a great help in acquiring new concepts.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>In your lexicon, note down the meaning given by a general dictionary and a specialised dictionary (as the case may be).<\/li>\n<li>You can write the definition of the unknown word (circled, boxed or specifically identified) in the margin of the text in question.<\/li>\n<li>If the terms are not always clear, it is possible to use specialised dictionaries (e.g. education dictionary, thesaurus, etymological dictionary, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-waf20cae5-0-0-9\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_bloc_source panel-last-child\" data-index=\"9\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-bloc_source so-widget-bloc_source-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t><div class=\"bloc_source\"><div class=\"bloc_source_container\"><p class=\"source_titre\"><strong>Sources :<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"bloc_questions_texte\"><p>[1] Cummins, J. (1979). Linguistic Interdependence and the Educational Development of Bilingual Children. Review of Educational Research, 49(2), Pp. 222-251.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hypotheses Self-questioning Reading intention Evaluating your comprehension Managing my understanding Checking your assumptions or predictions In their daily lives, human beings make assumptions or predictions. For example, you anticipate the emotions of the people you meet based on your observations; you anticipate the interest in reading a book based on its cover; the presence of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1005,"parent":1665,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1661","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1661","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1661"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1661\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1841,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1661\/revisions\/1841"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guidelecture.uqat.ca\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1661"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}